Use the below select query to get the Global OptionSet values in SQL,

SELECT OS.NAME, L.LABEL, AV.VALUE FROM ATTRIBUTEPICKLISTVALUEASIFPUBLISHEDLOGICALVIEW AV
JOIN OPTIONSETASIFPUBLISHEDLOGICALVIEW OS
ON AV.OPTIONSETID = OS.OPTIONSETID
JOIN LOCALIZEDLABELASIFPUBLISHEDLOGICALVIEW L
ON L.OBJECTID = AV.ATTRIBUTEPICKLISTVALUEID
WHERE OS.ISGLOBAL = 1 AND OS.ISCUSTOMOPTIONSET = 1
AND L.OBJECTCOLUMNNAME = 'DISPLAYNAME'
AND OS.NAME ='<Provide Global OptionSet Schema Name>'